Free Partitioning Software

Open Source free partitioning software programs can make life so much easier.  One of the best ones that I

GParted

frequently use is GParted.  GParted is a very popular Linux utility that is very similar to Symantec’s Partition Magic.  You can find this utility bundled with several other computer maintenance utilities on Linux Live CDs.  When you use a Live CD to boot your computer you are operating the computer from the CD and not the hard drive.  This allows you to perform any operation on the hard drive.  You can partition the hard drive, re-size current partitions, and also create new ones without destroying the contents of the drive.  Some of the bundled utilities will allow you to correct MBRs, partition tables, and also recover deleted or lost file files.  This is a must have utility for the computer tech.

I use GParted to setup computer hard drives with extended partitions that I use for storing data, files, and backup images.  This allows me to quickly recover from failed, corrupted, or infected hard drives quickly.  When I first install the operating system and get it configured with all my need applications, service packs, and security patches and then I create a backup image and store it on my second partition.  Now when Windows decides to die, either from a virus or other corruption, I can use the image to restore the primary partition where just the Windows operating system resides.  Data, files, and backups are safely stored on the extended partition.  Viruses usual only target active operating systems and not data or files.  By having the image on a second partition you can quickly and easily restore your computer in a few minutes.  This saves huge amounts of time when you have no other recourse but reinstall the operating system.

I use this procedure to daily maintain 35 lab computers where the students have complete admin rights for performing their lab assignments.  By having computer admin rights the students can completely wipe out the operating system (which they sometimes do either intentionally or unintentionally).  My down time for any one computer has been less than 15 minutes for the last three years.  So you can see this system works very well and only takes me about 15 minutes total to restore all 35 computers so that the students have a fresh and highly optimized computer each day.

The Fixmbr website has additional information that you might find useful.

FIXMBR Vista

FIXMBR Vista

Bootrec

Use the Bootrec.exe (FIXMBR Vista or Windows 7) tool in the Windows Recovery Environment (Windows RE) to troubleshootfixmbr vista and repair the master boot record (MBR), boot sector, and the Boot Configuration Data (BCD) store.  Windows RE can also be used to troubleshoot startup issues.  There are two options, Startup Repair and System Recovery Options.  Bootrec.exe can be used to troubleshoot additional problems manually.

To run Bootrec.exe utility, you need to start Windows RE.  First startup the computer with the Windows install disk.  You might need to set the BIOS to boot first from the DVD/CDROM.  Select Repair Your Computer and then select the operating system you want to repair.   In the System Recovery Options box select Command Prompt and type bootrec.exe and press enter.   You can rebuild the BCD by typing bootrec /rebuildbcd to correct startup issues.  To correct a corrupted or infected MBR type bootrec.exe /FIXMBR to write a new MBR.  Bootrec /fixboot will write a new boot sector to the system partition to correct a damaged boot sector or non-standard boot sector for FIXMBR Vista.  If a Windows XP was installed after Vista or 7 you can use this command to restore the Windows Boot Manager by replacing Windows NT Loader (NTLDR).

Master Boot Record (MBR)

MBR is a 512 byte file located in the first sector on the hard drive.  It contains partition information and boot code for starting the operating system.

Recovery Console

Recovery console is a utility that can be started from the Windows install CD.  You can also install recover console.  Once installed you can select it when you first startup you computer.  It will be an option on a menu that is presented during the computer startup.

FIXMBR

The FIXMBR is a command used with Recovery Console with Windows XP that writes a new MBR to the first sector of a hard drive.  This command is used to fix or correct a corrupted or infected MBR.

The FIXMBR website has some additional articles you might find useful.

Fixboot

The Fixboot is a Recovery Console command that writes a partition boot sector to a system partition that you can specify.

Boot Sectors

Boot sector is a sector on a hard drive or data storage device that contains code for booting a program stored on some other part of the storage media.  The computer BIOS can be set to select any of several boot devices and then copies the first sector from the boot device to address location 0x7C00.

Different kinds of boot sectors can be encountered on computer hard disks and other storage devices.  A master boot record (MBR) is the first sector of a data storage device that has been partitioned. The MBR sector contains code to locate the active partition and start its Volume Boot Record.

Volume Boot Record (VBR)

A volume boot record is the first sector of a data storage device that has not been partitioned.  It contains code to load and start an operating system installed on that device or within that partition.

Valid boot sectors have a two-byte hex word 0xAA55, called the boot sector signature and must exist at the end of the sector.  If the signature is not present either the BIOS or MBR code will report an error message and halt any OS startup process.

The computer BIOS does not distinguish between VBR and MBR. The firmware will only load and runs the first sector of the storage device. floppy devices or USB flash drives will use a VBR to boot. Hard drives use an MBR. The MBR has the partitioning information and will start the VBR which will load the operating system.

Boot Sector Viruses

Since the code in the boot sector is first executed automatically the boot sectors have been targets for computer viruses. As a warning computer BIOS now have included a feature to prevent writing over the boot sectors without user permission.

FIXMBR

FIXMBR is a Recovery Console command that writes a new MBR to the first sector of a hard drive.  This command can be used to correct a corrupted or infected MBR.  The fixboot command write the partition boot sector.

The FIXMBR website has some additional articles you might find useful.